SKYOCEAN Ontology

Base URI: https://skyocean.io/ontology/

Overview

The SKYOCEAN Ontology is a specialized vocabulary designed to facilitate global trade of agricultural commodities with an emphasis on transparency, traceability, and efficient financing. This ontology provides semantic interoperability for supply chain systems using decentralized knowledge graphs and blockchain technology.

Development Status: This ontology is actively being developed and expanded. The current version focuses on agricultural commodities trade, with planned expansion to support any type of commodity and product categories as our platform evolves.

Purpose

This ontology defines standardized terms and relationships for:

  • Trade transactions and their lifecycle stages
  • Agricultural commodities and their specifications
  • Trade parties and their roles
  • Trade documents and verification status
  • Financing arrangements and payment processes
  • Integration with blockchain systems

The ontology is compatible with OriginTrail’s DKG v8 implementation and supports standard semantic web technologies including RDF, JSON-LD, and SPARQL.

Scope and Evolution

Current Scope (v1.0.0)

  • Primary Focus: Agricultural commodities trading
  • Core Trade Types: Commodity trading with financing mechanisms
  • Document Types: Trade documentation for agricultural products
  • Geographic Coverage: International trade scenarios

Planned Expansions

  • Product Categories: Extension to manufactured goods, industrial products, and services
  • Trade Types: Additional trading patterns and business models
  • Industry Verticals: Expansion beyond agriculture to multiple industries
  • Regional Adaptations: Localized vocabularies for specific markets and regulations

Note: New classes, properties, and vocabulary terms will be added iteratively as we extend platform capabilities. Backward compatibility will be maintained for existing implementations.

Core Classes

skyocean:Trade

Description: The core class representing a complete trade transaction between parties.

Subclasses:

  • skyocean:CommodityTrade - A specialized trade of agricultural commodities

skyocean:Commodity

Description: Represents physical agricultural goods being traded, including their specifications and certifications.

skyocean:TradeParty

Description: Entities involved in a trade transaction (buyer, seller, consignee, financier, etc.).

skyocean:Document

Description: Trade-related documentation including their verification status and compliance requirements.

skyocean:BlockchainTransaction

Description: Records of trade events recorded on blockchain networks for immutable audit trails.

skyocean:FinancingRecord

Description: Details of trade financing arrangements and stakeholder positions.

Key Properties

Property Domain Range Description
skyocean:tradeStatus skyocean:Trade xsd:string Current status of the trade transaction
skyocean:financingStatus skyocean:Trade xsd:string Current status of the trade financing
skyocean:documentStatus skyocean:Document xsd:string Status of a trade document
skyocean:verificationStatus skyocean:Document xsd:string Verification status of a document
skyocean:role skyocean:TradeParty xsd:string Role of an entity in the trade
skyocean:walletAddress skyocean:TradeParty xsd:string Blockchain wallet address
skyocean:financierProfitRate skyocean:FinancingRecord xsd:decimal Profit rate for the financier
skyocean:commodity skyocean:Trade skyocean:Commodity The commodity being traded
skyocean:requiredDocumentTypes skyocean:Trade - Types of documents required for the trade
skyocean:documentStatuses skyocean:Trade - Status information for required documents
skyocean:blockchainStatus skyocean:Trade xsd:string Status of the trade on the blockchain
skyocean:blockchainTransactionId skyocean:Trade xsd:string Transaction ID on the blockchain
skyocean:transactionTimeline skyocean:Trade - Timeline information for the transaction

Commodity Properties

Property Domain Range Description
skyocean:grade skyocean:Commodity xsd:string Quality grade of the commodity
skyocean:certifications skyocean:Commodity - List of certifications or standards
skyocean:specifications skyocean:Commodity - Technical specifications of the commodity
skyocean:packaging skyocean:Commodity xsd:string Description of how the commodity is packaged
skyocean:detailedSpecifications skyocean:Commodity - Detailed technical specifications
skyocean:productionDetails skyocean:Commodity - Production method, origin, and other details

Payment Properties

Property Domain Range Description
skyocean:paymentMethod skyocean:PaymentDetails xsd:string Method of payment (e.g., CAD, LC)
skyocean:paymentTerms skyocean:PaymentDetails xsd:string Terms of payment
skyocean:financingRequired skyocean:PaymentDetails xsd:boolean Whether financing is required for the trade
skyocean:financingAmount skyocean:PaymentDetails schema:MonetaryAmount Amount of financing required

Private Data Properties

Property Domain Range Description
skyocean:referenceId skyocean:TradePrivateData xsd:anyURI Reference to the public section URI
skyocean:consignee skyocean:TradePrivateData skyocean:TradeParty Consignee information
skyocean:notifyParty skyocean:TradePrivateData skyocean:TradeParty Party to be notified
skyocean:payment skyocean:TradePrivateData skyocean:PaymentDetails Payment and financing details
skyocean:documents skyocean:TradePrivateData skyocean:Document Detailed document information
skyocean:accessPermissions skyocean:TradePrivateData - Access control permissions

Vocabulary Terms

Transaction Status Values

  • Pending - Initial state
  • PendingFinancing - Awaiting financier participation
  • FinancingSecured - Financing complete
  • DocumentsSubmitted - Documents uploaded, awaiting verification
  • DocumentsVerified - All documents verified successfully
  • PaymentInitiated - Payment process started
  • PaymentConfirmed - Payment confirmed
  • TokensReleased - Financier tokens released with profit
  • Completed - Trade completed successfully
  • Disputed - Trade in dispute resolution
  • Cancelled - Trade cancelled

Document Types

  • BillOfLading - Shipping document
  • Invoice - Commercial invoice
  • PackingList - Detailed packing information
  • Certificate - Quality/origin certificates
  • InsuranceDocument - Insurance coverage
  • LetterOfCredit - Letter of credit document

Verification Status Values

  • Pending - Awaiting verification
  • Verified - Successfully verified
  • Rejected - Verification failed
  • Expired - Document expired

Usage Examples

Basic Trade Representation 

{
  "@context": {
    "skyocean": "https://skyocean.io/ontology/",
    "schema": "http://schema.org/"
  },
  "@type": "skyocean:CommodityTrade",
  "@id": "skyocean:trade/12345",
  "skyocean:tradeStatus": "FinancingSecured",
  "skyocean:commodity": {
    "@type": "skyocean:Commodity",
    "schema:name": "Soybeans",
    "schema:description": "Premium grade soybeans"
  }
}

Trade Party Definition 

{
  "@context": {
    "skyocean": "https://skyocean.io/ontology/",
    "schema": "http://schema.org/"
  },
  "@type": "skyocean:TradeParty",
  "skyocean:role": "buyer",
  "schema:name": "Agricultural Imports Ltd",
  "skyocean:walletAddress": "0x742d35Cc6634C0532925a3b8D0Ac9"
}

Document Verification 

{
  "@context": {
    "skyocean": "https://skyocean.io/ontology/",
    "schema": "http://schema.org/"
  },
  "@type": "skyocean:Document",
  "schema:name": "Bill of Lading",
  "skyocean:documentStatus": "Submitted",
  "skyocean:verificationStatus": "Verified"
}

Technical Specifications

Format Support

  • JSON-LD: Primary format for data exchange
  • RDF/Turtle: For semantic web applications
  • RDF/XML: For XML-based systems
  • N-Triples: For simple processing

Standards Compliance

  • W3C RDF: Resource Description Framework
  • W3C OWL: Web Ontology Language
  • Schema.org: Common vocabulary extensions
  • FOAF: Friend of a Friend vocabulary
  • Dublin Core: Metadata terms

Version Information

  • Current Version: 1.0.0 (Agricultural Commodities Focus)
  • Last Modified: December 2023
  • Status: Active Development - Stable for Current Scope
  • Compatibility: DKG v8, JSON-LD 1.1
  • Versioning Strategy: Semantic versioning with backward compatibility
  • Next Planned Release: v1.1.0 - Extended product categories

Integration Guidelines

For Developers

  1. Namespace Declaration: Always declare the SKYOCEAN namespace in your JSON-LD context
  2. Type Specification: Use specific classes (e.g., skyocean:CommodityTrade rather than generic skyocean:Trade)
  3. Property Usage: Follow domain/range restrictions for properties
  4. Status Values: Use predefined vocabulary terms for status fields

For Data Integration

  • Interoperability: Designed for seamless integration with existing semantic web tools
  • Extensibility: Can be extended with additional domain-specific terms
  • Validation: Compatible with SHACL shapes for data validation
  • Querying: Supports SPARQL queries for complex data retrieval

Contact

For questions about the SKYOCEAN ontology, vocabulary extensions, or technical integration:

  • Technical Documentation: See our integration guidelines
  • Semantic Web Standards: We follow W3C recommendations
  • Community: Contact our development team for collaboration opportunities

License: The SKYOCEAN Ontology vocabulary definitions are available for public use in accordance with semantic web standards. Implementation details and specific applications remain proprietary.

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